The rapid advancement of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has intensified the demand for efficient, high-power fast-charging systems. Wide-bandgap semiconductors, particularly gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃), offer significant advantages in high breakdown electric field, thermal stability, and potential cost-effectiveness, making them promising candidates for next-generation power electronics. This paper systematically reviews the preparation techniques, performance optimization strategies, and application prospects of Ga₂O₃ in NEV fast-charging systems. Through literature analysis and comparative case studies, this paper summarizes recent progress in crystal growth, thin-film deposition, doping, and device fabrication. The findings suggest that optimized Ga₂O₃-based devices could significantly enhance charging efficiency, reduce energy loss, and support the development of ultra-fast charging infrastructure. This review provides a comprehensive reference for researchers and engineers working on advanced semiconductor materials for high-power applications.

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The need for lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and long cycle life is becoming more and more urgent. This is because electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems are expanding at a rapid speed. Among all the possible positive electrode materials, ternary layered oxides (LiNixCoyMnzO₂, or NCM) are seen as a key material system for next-generation high-energy batteries because of their high specific capacity and relatively low cost. But there are some challenges that stand in the way of their real application, such as complicated synthesis processes, unstable structure in high-nickel compositions and serious side reactions at the material interface. This paper gives a detailed and systematic review of the latest progress in the creative synthesis methods and performance optimization ways for NCM positive electrode materials. It also talks about the main preparation methods, including the sol-gel method, coprecipitation and hydrothermal synthesis. The paper sums up the newest development of these techniques, with a focus on making synthesis processes simpler, making materials more homogeneous, controlling the microstructure well and making the electrochemical performance better. In short, new ideas and changes in synthesis routes can make the elemental uniformity, structural integrity and electrochemical stability of NCM materials much better, and in this way, they provide reliable material solutions for the development of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

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Heavy oil is very thick and flows badly. So it is hard to get heavy oil from the ground. This paper uses ultrasound to make heavy oil less thick. First, this paper studies how ultrasound works. Ultrasound can break the material inside heavy oil. Then, this paper uses COMSOL to build a model. It studies how frequency and voltage affect the sound field in heavy oil. The study shows that the best effect is at 20kHz. Sound pressure becomes higher when voltage is higher. Using right frequency and higher voltage can make ultrasound work better. This gives help for making better ultrasound equipment.

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Calcium looping (CaL) is a great way to store thermal energy because it holds a lot of energy. But there is a big problem: CaO adsorbents quickly lose their activity. When they get hot, they sinter. Also, the product layer blocks diffusion. Because of these issues, we cannot easily use CaL on a large scale right now. To fix this, researchers are adding oxygen vacancies at the atomic level. This paper reviews how oxygen vacancies change CaO-based materials for the better. First, we look at how people make these vacancies in the lab. For example, they use aliovalent doping or change the material's shape. We also list the main tools used to check them. Next, the paper explains the science behind this using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. These calculations show us exactly how the vacancies work. They give ions an easier path to travel, which speeds up the physical movement (better kinetics). At the same time, the vacancies act as Lewis basic sites. They grab CO₂ molecules tighter, which helps the reaction happen (better thermodynamics). Finally, we talk about the remaining hurdles, especially keeping the materials stable at very high heat. We suggest that future work should combine live testing (in-situ) with data-driven computer models to build much stronger energy storage materials.

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