The rapid development of nanomaterial self-assembly technology has greatly favored the field of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and allowed for better control of catalyst structure and composition. Various self-assembly methods, such as DNA-directed assembly, matrix-assisted technology and solvent evaporation, have been used to improve catalytic efficiency and selectivity. Various newly created self-assembled catalysts have also contributed to the development of CO2RR, such as metal oxide catalysts, organic polymers and frameworks, organometallic frameworks and hybrid systems. This paper explored the application of the self-assembled nanocatalysts in CO2RR through a literature review and case studies, with an emphasis on how these methods can reduce CO2 to valuable products such as CO, methane and C2 compounds. The main results highlight the impact of self-assembled structures on improving reaction kinetics and product selectivity. The paper finds that self-assembly technologies and self-assembly nanocatalysts offer potential breakthroughs in improving CO₂ reduction efficiency and contribute to the development of carbon capture and conversion technologies.

The microprocessor chip is the core technology of the computer industry, and the multiplier is an important computing unit of the microprocessor. Its computing speed and area performances determine the performance of the microprocessor, and its structure determines whether it is easy to implement. Tree multipliers are widely used due to their superior performance. This article analyzes and compares the performance of several typical tree structures, including Wallace tree, Dadda tree, ZM tree, and OS tree, and compares various performance optimization methods, such as optimizing compressor structure, optimizing tree structure, and using PPA. This article found that the Wallace tree and Dadda tree have the fastest speed, but their irregular structures are not conducive to implementation. ZM tree and OS tree are two types of delay balancing trees with regular structures, but sacrifice speed and area performances. The optimization of compressor structure and tree structure, as well as the use of PPA, have reduced latency, but may lead to an increase in area. This article summarizes the current development of tree multipliers and has high reference value in future research.

Nowadays, as many electronic products are moving towards increased portability and high reliability, higher demands are being placed on the various performance parameters of digital integrated circuits. Currently, digital integrated circuits are developing in the direction of low power consumption. Digital comparators are widely used in many areas of digital integrated circuits. Power consumption has an impact on many performance parameters of digital integrated circuits, so it is important to optimize power consumption during the design of digital integrated circuits. Therefore, a digital comparator consisting of CMOS logic gate circuits is designed and further, the comparator energy consumption is optimized and functional simulation is carried out using Multisim software in this paper. This paper describes the principles of the logic gates that make up the designed comparator, the design of the circuit according to the function of the comparator, and the calculation and optimization of the energy consumption of the digital comparator. Through analysis and calculation, the comparator is able to realize the numerical comparison function, and different numerical comparison results correspond to different output signals. After optimization, the comparator is able to achieve a reduction in power consumption.

3D printing technology has gained attention for its potential to revolutionize concrete construction by offering improved automation, reduced costs, and enhanced environmental benefits. This paper provides an overview of current research on 3D-printed concrete (3DPC), with a focus on mix design and the fresh and hardened performance of 3DPC. The review examines the differences between 3DPC and traditional concrete, highlighting how factors such as mix composition, binder selection, and aggregate types affect the material's flowability, buildability, and mechanical properties. Notable advancements in optimizing 3DPC mix designs are discussed, including the use of fine aggregates and fibers to improve performance. The paper also covers methods for testing the early performance of 3DPC. Moreover, the review identifies ongoing challenges such as anisotropy and interlayer bond strength, which impact the mechanical properties of 3DPC. The paper aims to provide insights into the current state of 3DPC research and its practical implications for construction.

Nowadays, polymers are rapidly growing in many different fields, as polymers are inexpensive and less dense than metal. Polymers can also be said to be a cheaper material and can form a lighter product compared to other materials. However, many people opposed the use of polymers. It is because most of the polymers are non-biodegradable, as there are no polar bonds within the polymers. The non-biodegradable polymers might lead to plastic waste and bring negative effects on the environment, which involve choking marine wildlife, damaging soil, and poisoning groundwater. Nevertheless, advancements in the technology enable the production of materials with specific attributes, including mechanical strength, regulated degradation duration and rate, as well as antibacterial and antimicrobial qualities. The polymers enable the formation of materials in an infinite variety of shapes due to meticulous design. This article examined diverse literature regarding the application of polymers in medicine. This research identifies numerous applications of polymers in medical fields, including tissue engineering and medical devices.

Recent advances in autonomous driving technology have marked a significant shift in transportation systems, bringing self-driving capabilities closer to widespread adoption. This technology promises to reduce human intervention in driving tasks while enhancing transportation efficiency and convenience. Collaborative sensing technology is one of the hot research directions of unmanned driving technology. The birth of this technology can help us effectively solve the problems of occlusion and detection distance limitation in the process of vehicle perception. The first part of the paper introduces the current dilemma of unmanned driving technology and proposes collaborative perception as an effective means to solve the problem. Then "The advantages of collaborative perception technology" introduces the specific advantages of this technology. In the section of Methods of collaborative perception, it introduces the specific methods of collaborative perception technology from three perspectives: vehicle communication, data fusion and data sharing. In The challenge and innovation of collaborative perception, the difficulties faced by this technology and the means of innovation are discussed. This comprehensive analysis provides readers with fundamental insights into collaborative perception systems, establishing a foundation for future research and innovation in autonomous driving.

In the context of rapid technological advancement, mobile robots' applications are expanding across intelligent manufacturing, autonomous driving, and disaster rescue, demanding enhanced environmental perception capabilities. Environmental perception systems based on Multimodal Sensor Fusion technology effectively improve mobile robots' understanding and adaptability in complex environments. Multimodal sensor fusion integrates data from multiple sensors to overcome individual sensor limitations. Through analysis of data fusion algorithms and real-time processing technology, efficient information extraction and noise reduction enhance mobile robot adaptability in dynamic environments. Case studies demonstrate that environmental perception systems incorporating deep learning and computer vision technologies achieve high-precision obstacle recognition and path planning across diverse settings. The system improves complex scene comprehension and autonomous navigation capabilities through neural network-based feature extraction models. Through systematic theoretical frameworks and case analysis, the research explores multimodal sensor fusion's potential and practical effects in mobile robot environmental perception systems, providing fundamental data support and theoretical foundations for future research developments.

The global energy mix is currently facing a major transformation, with the non-renewability of traditional fossil energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas and environmental pollution becoming increasingly prominent. This paper presents an in-depth comparison between different grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters, focusing on the performance, cost-effectiveness, and applicability of these two inverter technologies in PV grid-connected applications. These inverters are highly adaptable to dynamic grid conditions and provide significant harmonic suppression, but the relatively high initial cost is their major drawback. The study also explores optimization methods for filtering techniques, as well as future directions for inverter technology, including the application of smart materials, advanced control algorithms and new semiconductor materials. It is found that LCL-type inverters and three-phase inverters with active power filter have their own advantages, and the selection should be based on specific application needs, cost budget and power quality requirements. In the future, with the continuous progress of technology, we expect that the inverter technology can realize higher efficiency and better power quality to meet the increasing demand for grid-connected PV system.

The paper is about analysing two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 2412 and NACA0012 aerofoils at Reynolds number of 2.2×10*6 using the CFD method. Numerical analysis was performed through ANSYS Fluent, a fluid simulation software based on the finite volume method. The geometry model and mesh of the aerofoil are established by ANSYS Meshing, and the simulation calculation is carried out based on the pressure solver. During simulation processing, the Spalart Almaras model is used based on the incompressible continuity equation and Navier-Stokes Equation. The aerodynamic characteristics such as pressure, velocity distribution, CL and Cd, are systematically analysed and compared for these two airfoils. The results of the report show that if the aircraft needs to fly smoothly between 6°-12°, the NACA 0012 is a better choice and if you need to generate higher lift at low speeds, the NACA 2412 May be more suitable. The result of this paper can be applied to aircraft design, and new aerofoil development, and guide two-dimensional CFD analysis to these aerofoils.

This review paper delves into recent advancements in adaptive control technologies for bionic quadruped robots, emphasizing their growing importance in the field of robotics. It highlights several key research contributions, including innovative approaches to gait planning, kinematic modeling, and the development of control systems aimed at enhancing stability and adaptability under varying load conditions. Notable works by Fu Zhang et al. and Mingying Li et al. showcase the application of the Denavit-Hartenberg method and adaptive fuzzy PID control, which significantly improve locomotion accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, studies by Sai Gu et al. and Bingchen Jin et al. focus on real-time identification of the Center of Mass and adaptability to different loads using cutting-edge algorithms. The review also discusses the emergence of efficient closed-loop controllers, such as those implemented in the SQuRo robot, which demonstrate robust performance in complex environments. Concluding the paper are insights into the future directions of adaptive control technologies, emphasizing their potential to enhance robotic performance across diverse terrains and scenarios, paving the way for more versatile applications in fields like search and rescue, agriculture, and environmental monitoring.