As an emerging cloud computing paradigm, serverless computing, based on "function as a service", splits applications into fine-grained functions, and automatically manages underlying resources by the platform, significantly improving resource utilization and reducing operation and maintenance costs. It has gradually become the preferred architecture for cloud native application development and deployment with its unique advantages of lightweight and event driven. However, there are still many challenges in performance, security and resource scheduling. This paper systematically summarizes the core technologies of serverless computing, including performance optimization, resource scheduling, security protection, and integration with emerging technologies such as webassembly, micro front end, and artificial intelligence; On this basis, the main challenges faced at present are analyzed, such as insufficient support for large-scale tasks, immature cross domain scheduling, and security model to be improved. The development trends of intelligent scheduling, cross domain computing integration, and trusted execution environment in the future are prospected. This paper aims to provide a systematic reference for the research and application of serverless computing.